1. Origin, Composition, and Molecular Architecture
1.1 Natural Source and Biochemical Account
(Animal Protein Frothing Agent)
Animal protein-based foaming representatives are acquired mostly from hydrolyzed keratin or collagen sourced from abattoir spin-offs such as hooves, horns, bones, and hides.
Through regulated alkaline or enzymatic hydrolysis, these architectural healthy proteins are broken down into amphiphilic polypeptides abundant in amino acids like glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, which possess both hydrophilic (– NH â‚‚,– COOH) and hydrophobic (aliphatic side chains) functional teams.
This double affinity allows the particles to adsorb effectively at air– water user interfaces during mechanical aeration, lowering surface stress and supporting bubble development– a crucial need for producing uniform cellular concrete.
Unlike synthetic surfactants, pet protein lathering representatives are biodegradable, non-toxic, and exhibit outstanding compatibility with Rose city cement systems because of their ionic nature and modest pH buffering capacity.
The molecular weight circulation of the hydrolysate– typically in between 500 and 10,000 Da– directly affects foam stability, drainage price, and bubble dimension, making procedure control during hydrolysis vital for constant efficiency.
1.2 Foam Generation System and Microstructure Control
When watered down with water (typically at proportions of 1:20 to 1:30) and presented right into a foam generator, the healthy protein service forms a viscoelastic movie around entrained air bubbles under high-shear problems.
This movie resists coalescence and Ostwald ripening– the diffusion-driven growth of bigger bubbles at the expenditure of smaller ones– by creating a mechanically durable interfacial layer strengthened via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic communications.
The resulting foam displays high expansion proportions (commonly 15– 25:1) and reduced drain rates (
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